Urban air pollution is on the rise and, to little surprise, those living in some of the world's poorest cities are breathing in the worst of it.
The World Health Organization on Thursday released updated data showing more than 80 percent of city residents around the globe are exposed to particulate pollution in doses that exceed the organization's recommended limits.
"Urban air pollution continues to rise at an alarming rate, wreaking havoc on human health," Dr. Maria Neira, WHO's public health director, said in a statement.
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WHO says that in the last two years, as more and more cities have begun measuring smog levels, the agency has doubled its outdoor air pollution database, which now covers 3,000 cities in 103 countries. In high-income nations, 56 percent of cities with more than 100,000 residents fail to meet WHO air quality limits. In lower-income countries, that figure jumps to 98 percent, according to the recent findings.
Ambient air pollution kills 3 million people globally each year and is considered by WHO as the "greatest environmental risk to health." From 2008 to 2013, global pollution levels jumped 8 percent.
Poor air quality, the agency warns, can lead to an increased risk of stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and chronic and acute respiratory diseases, including asthma.
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Today, no country is at greater risk than India. In fact, the heavily populated South Asian country is home to 22 of the 50 most polluted cities in the world, according to the data.
“This indicates air pollution is now a national crisis and needs strict and aggressive nationwide action across all cities of India,” Anumita Roychowdhury, of the New Delhi-based Centre for Science and Environment, said in a statement.
On the WHO's list of the average yearly air pollution in cities around the world, China accounted for 8 of the top 50 locations with the worst air quality, while Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh tallied four each.
The Iranian city of Zabol, which battles some 80 dust storms per year, was found to have the worst air pollution of any city on the planet.
Coming in at 1,080 on the list was Visalia, California, the most polluted city in the United States.
One success story is the Indian capital of New Delhi, which dropped to No. 11 on the list after being ranked No. 1 two years prior.
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WHO ranks cities on their average daily concentration of PM 2.5, fine particles of dust, dirt, soot and smoke less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Because of their small size (about 1/30 the width of a human hair), PM 2.5 pollutants are considered most hazardous to human health, as they can "lodge deeply into the lungs," according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
WHO's guidelines call for no more than 10 micrograms of PM 2.5 per cubic meter.
Below, a look at the 10 cities with the most polluted air, along with their yearly average PM 2.5 levels:
10
Baoding, China -- 126
Damir Sagolj / Reuters
A woman fixes a protective mask on a baby during an extremely polluted day in Baoding, China.
9
Xingtai, China -- 128
China Daily China Daily Information Corp - CDIC / Reuters
Residents ride bicycles along a street amid dense smog in Xingtai, China.
8
Bamenda, Cameroon -- 132
Anthony Ham via Getty Images
Bamenda, Nord-Ouest, Cameroon, Africa.
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7
Raipur, India -- 144
Amit Dave / Reuters
People stand on top of a house during a movie shoot in Raipur, India.
6
Patna, India -- 149
Adnan1 Abidi / Reuters
A boy flies a kite near a brick factory on the outskirts of the eastern Indian city of Patna.
5
Jubail, Saudi Arabia -- 152
Ali Al Mubarak via Getty Images
A petrochemical factory in Jubail, Saudi Arabia.
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4
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia -- 156
swisshippo via Getty Images
A thick haze hangs over the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
3
Allahabad, India -- 170
Jitendra Prakash / Reuters
A man covers his face as he walks through a dust storm on the banks of the Ganga river in Allahabad, India.
2
Gwalior, India -- 176
Chris Caldicott via Getty Images
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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1
Zabol, Iran -- 217
ASSOCIATED PRESS
Afghan refugee children play at dusk at a refugee camp in Zabol, Iran.
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