Often students struggling with emotional behavioral disabilities are overwhelmed by and over-reactive to daily events that seem mundane to others. They become easily stressed and frustrated, can feel out of control, develop self-doubt, and feel unsure about handling future situations. Empowering them to monitor their own behavior -- to check in with themselves -- sends students the message that although stressful situations are impossible to avoid, they can learn to cope and eventually remain in control.
Self-monitoring is the ability to recognize and keep track of our own behavior. If you've ever tried to quit smoking or lose weight, you might have been told to keep a log of how many cigarettes you smoke or how much food you consume. These logs, without any other interventions, can be powerful because just being aware of how much you're doing something can enable you to change your behavior. Self-monitoring and awareness are the first steps to take before we're able to "catch ourselves" acting inappropriately and work to terminate the inappropriate behavior altogether.
Self-monitoring skills help students maintain appropriate behavior. Here are three ways to help students develop these skills:
1. Regular Check-ins
To self-monitor, a student must recognize when his behavior is inappropriate or disproportionate. Many students need a teacher to help them reflect on and evaluate their behavior throughout the day. At the end of each period, you can meet briefly with the student and invite him to talk about his behavior. You could use a sheet that rates success with common behaviors--following directions, keeping a safe body, or doing schoolwork. Emphasize reflection, instead of rewards or consequences. These conversations are opportunities to give feedback and help the student learn to evaluate himself accurately. Developmentally, students will learn to reflect on recent behavior before they learn to catch themselves in the moment.
Many students will need help with the evaluation. Your nonjudgmental conversations are opportunities for you to tell the student exactly how her behavior was inappropriate or disproportionate: "Remember how you growled at Ms. Jensen when you were frustrated?" or "You threw your pencil when you were frustrated."
2. Class Check-ins
Throughout the day, use a consistently worded "self-check prompt," to signal students that it's time to recognize and reflect on their behavior in that moment: "Everybody do a self-check and record your behavior." Or, use more specific self-check prompts. "Body safety self-check! Are you keeping your hands to yourself?"
Regular "self-checks" with the entire class normalize the process and help students self-monitor specific behaviors (for example, paying attention to work). With frequent class check-ins, even students accustomed to being called out frequently for inappropriate behavior will have opportunities to notice how often their behavior is appropriate.
Students can record and tally their behavior on paper or with a mobile device. Some helpful apps for recording behavior:
•Percentally: Automatically converts tallies to percentages. (iPhone, iPad and iPod touch)
•Streaks: Records each day's progress toward behavior goals. (iPhone and Android)
•Tally Counter: Helps track behavior frequency (iPhone, iPad, iPod)
3. Independence
To reduce reliance on adults, you can prompt students to check themselves at set intervals by using self-monitoring aids like vibrating timers and mobile apps to help make self-monitoring habitual. Two helpful apps:
•Repeat Timer: Repeating interval timer and reminder for routine activities. (iPhone, iPad,
Android)
•MotivAider: Private vibration prompt calls attention to desired behavior. (Android, iPhone
and iPad; separate electronic device also available.)
(Note: Most apps are free or available for a nominal fee. Often you can upgrade to a professional version for an additional expense.)
Developing self-monitoring skills reduces unwanted behaviors and empowers students. It's an important step in helping them learn to cope with challenging moments while being aware of and managing their own behavior.
Originally published on the Responsive® Blog, March 24, 2013
Jessica Minahan, M.Ed, BCBA, is a board-certified behavior analyst and special educator in the Newton, Massachusetts public school system. She is the co-author of The Behavior Code: A Practical Guide to Understanding and Teaching the Most Challenging Students, written with Nancy Rappaport, M.D. (jessicaminahan.com)