To the best of my knowledge, the ardent vegans have not yet marched off, lances burnished in the morning light, on a holy crusade against the New-Age anti-grain crowd. To my knowledge, the wheat detractors have not yet declared jihad against those meat detractors. And thank goodness, the most fervent disciples of the low-carb cult have not yet executed anyone for heresy -- although the comments some have directed at me suggest they might wish they could.
But while none of the nutrition militias have yet resorted to anything like car bombs, the mutually exclusive disparagements I encounter ever more frequently seem infused with just that sort of toxic passion. While the idea of violence in defense of what constitutes the most blessed composition of breakfast may seem far-fetched, I am not so sure in a world that uses violence routinely in the name of God, and has done so to protect the environment and defend animal rights. However wholesome the subject, inflamed passions run readily amok.
Since I first pleaded for a separation of church and plate, pointed out that an exclusive and extreme focus on any one aspect of diet invited unintended consequences, and asked rhetorically if we could handle a more holistic (and truer) version of the truth about health and food -- passions have run higher, dialogue has all but disappeared, and the dogs of war seem ominously restless.
As already noted, I am routinely baited and berated by the faithful followers of any given church of food. The low-carb crowd has long denigrated me for my failure to acknowledge that one of only three macronutrient classes, the main fuel source for all omnivores, and the home to everything from lentils to lollipops isn't public health enemy #1. I readily acknowledge that we eat way too much refined starch and added sugar, but that's not enough for the true believers.
I have long been maligned with comparable ferocity by proponents of low-glycemic eating for my failure to concede that carrots are not the root vegetable of all evil. Of course, I fully acknowledge the value of low glycemic eating, and count both Dr. David Jenkins (the inventor of the Glycemic Index), and Dr. David Ludwig (one of the more influential researchers on the topic) among my close friends and colleagues. But even so, I don't think we have carrots to blame for epidemic obesity and diabetes -- and apparently that, to the truly devoted members of this faction, is blasphemy.
I have long emphasized the relevance of adaptation to the dietary requirements of every species, and thus, presumably our own. This lends support to approximations of our native diet, popularized under the "Paleo" rubric. But I have also noted that mammoth is hard to find these days, that our Paleolithic ancestors got lots of exercise and consumed an estimated 100 grams of fiber daily, and that even they ate "mostly" plants. So the Paleo crowd has long had their pointy sticks jabbing in my general direction, too.
Recently, the American College of Lifestyle Medicine, of which I am president-elect, held its annual meeting. One of the speakers described his treatment program for weight loss and health promotion, and emphasized that it featured an "all-you-can-eat," cafeteria-style, "starch-based" diet. He went on to claim that all healthy human diets were starch based, and that virtually all ill health in the world had something to do with meat and dairy, which were thrown decisively under the bus. And finally, he invoked two million years of human evolutionary biology as the definitive rationale for a "starch-based" diet. We have, the argument went, always been starch eaters.
On the very remote chance you don't see some problems here, let me point out mine. First, "starch" seems to me a very poor word choice, since French fries, Wonder Bread and Twinkies all qualify. If the speaker meant a diet based on whole grains and root vegetables, I think it would have been better to say so. We have done a lot of harm by speaking in terms of nutrient classes when we should have been talking about foods.
But the problems don't end there, of course. Maybe root vegetables have long been a part of the human diet, but only a relatively small part. Grains only became a significant part of our diet some 12,000 years ago with the advent of agriculture, even if wild grains were occasionally eaten prior. I have never heard the professional anthropologists describe our native diet as "mostly starch." Nor did it seem honest to me to invoke the span of our evolutionary history to justify starch intake, while rejecting meat. There are arguments against eating meat, but evolutionary biology isn't one of them. Homo sapiens were omnivorous since before we were sapiens. Homo erectus hunted.
So this was, apparently, some form of vegan propaganda masquerading as expertise. I confronted it as such, because although I am a fan of vegan diets done well, I am not a fan of dogma or propaganda. I believe epidemiology should trump ideology. I was expecting some customary academic give and take, but what issued from the speaker was instead such a poignant antipathy, that I was afraid I was going to be beaten to death with a tuber.
So here we are. We have a faction long contending that animal protein is the devil in the details of our diets. We have another saying that wheat is making us fat, yet another contending that grains are making us stupid. In the context of mounting evidence that not all saturated fat is created equal, and that we can replace it (with sugar and starch and trans fat) and wind up worse off, a commentary in the British Medical Journal attempting to absolve it has prompted a predictable war of words, with competing armies facing one another under banners of saturated fat as unredeemed sinner, and misunderstood saint.
And let's not even get into sugar as toxin, fructose as poison and whether calories count. Suffice to say those passions all run just as high.
Folks, is this really where we want to be? Haven't disparate visions of God caused the world enough grief that we don't want disparate visions of dinner to do the same? If any of the world's religions is correct in all the details, then all of the others must be wrong- and countless people have both killed and died throughout history thinking it so. If any of the prevailing, mutually exclusive theories about diet is correct, then all the others must also be wrong. Should choosing a meal really require choosing a Messiah?
Couldn't the proponents of low-carb eating acknowledge that jelly beans were part of the problem, but pinto beans -- not so much? The vegans have important arguments about the treatment of our planetary cohabitants, sustainable eating for a population of seven billion and planetary stewardship -- but if anything, these get lost when they fail to allow for the fact that game and fish figure in the diets of some of the world's longest-lived, most vital peoples. We could have been right about reducing saturated fat intake, and wrong about what we ate instead. We could agree that eating real food, close to nature, rich in nutrients, and mostly whether or not exclusively plants would be far better than the typical American diet, and would occupy ground common to the disparate theologies of food. We could, and if we did so, we might devote more of our energy to getting there from here -- rather than berating one another for differing notions of exactly where "there" is. As we've spent literal decades doing just that, look around to see all the terrific progress we have to show for it.
Whether about wheat or meat, sugar or starch, calories or carbohydrates, this fat or that fat, we seem to have an insatiable appetite for mere grains of truth about diet and health, rather than the complete recipe. Planting such seeds, we are reaping just what we are sowing: more heat than light, unending opportunities for food industry abuses, stunning lack of public health progress and the very kind of trees that make the forest impossible to see.
-fin
Dr. Katz' new book DISEASE PROOF, embraces the common ground of healthful eating and the variations on that well-established theme, and is focused on what it takes to get there from here. DISEASE PROOF is available in bookstores nationwide and at:
Dr. David L. Katz; www.davidkatzmd.com