By Andrew M. Seaman
(Reuters Health) - People who occasionally work night shifts may be at a slightly increased risk of heart disease, according to a new study.
Nurses in the study who worked at least three nights per month were more likely to develop heart problems over the next 24 years than nurses who stuck to daytime shifts.
"I think it’s an important message because it’s a potentially modifiable risk factor," said lead author Celine Vetter, of Harvard Medical School andBrigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
For the new study, Vetter and her colleagues used data from more than 189,000 women. About 40 percent were participating in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), which began in 1988. The others were in NHS2, which began in 1989.
The women entered the studies between the ages of 25 and 55. At the start, none of them had coronary heart disease, which is when the arteries that carry blood to heart muscle become narrowed or blocked.
NHS participants were only asked once about their history of working night shifts, but NHS2 participants were asked about their night shifts every two years.
During the follow-up period, there were 7,303 cases of coronary heart disease problems - like heart attacks, chest pain and bypass surgeries - in the NHS study and 3,519 cases in the NHS2.
Overall, the risk went up with the number of years women spent covering night shifts, the researchers report in JAMA.
Compared to the risk for nurses in NHS2 who didn't work night shifts, the risk of coronary heart disease was 12 percent higher in nurses who worked night shifts for less than five years, 19 percent higher in those who worked night shifts for five to nine years, and 27 percent higher in nurses who worked nights for at least 10 years.
But the risk of coronary heart disease came back down as women quit working night shifts or retired, the researchers found.
For example, women in NHS with at least 10 years of rotating night shifts had a 27 percent increased risk of coronary heart disease during the first half of the follow-up period, but only a 10 percent increased risk during the second half of the follow-up period.
The study can't explain the association, but Vetter said it could be related to increased inflammation in the body and social disruption. She also said the findings may apply to people who work early morning shifts since they have to get up during the night.
Once researchers have more data, Vetter said, they will be able to design healthy work schedules.
"Hopefully we can design schedules that are healthier for the individual," she said.
SOURCE: http://bit.ly/1T2XrW0 JAMA, online April 26, 2016.
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