Why Big Auction Houses Want In On The Growing Outsider Art Craze

"I want this to be a part of the art world that people just can’t ignore."
Ramirez, known for his mesmerizing, dynamic line drawings, employed spit and oatmeal to bind papers into larger artmaking surfaces. In "Untitled (Seven Stags)," the artist adhered construction paper and a thick repurposed cream-colored stock to create a visually active ground. The artist was born in Jalisco, Mexico, and spent five years as a sharecropper and journeyman laborer in the municipality of Tototlan before purchasing a small piece of land near his native town.
Ramirez, known for his mesmerizing, dynamic line drawings, employed spit and oatmeal to bind papers into larger artmaking surfaces. In "Untitled (Seven Stags)," the artist adhered construction paper and a thick repurposed cream-colored stock to create a visually active ground. The artist was born in Jalisco, Mexico, and spent five years as a sharecropper and journeyman laborer in the municipality of Tototlan before purchasing a small piece of land near his native town.
Martin Ramirez (1895-1963), "Untitled (Seven Stags)," 1953, dated by Tarmo Pasto Sept 1953 upper right corner, graphite and crayon on pieced paper, 28 x 24 in. (Estimate: $60,000 to $100,000)

Cara Zimmerman is a specialist in folk and outsider art at Christie's auction house, the first to ever hold the position. The fact that the world's largest auction house is now representing the work of artists like Bill Traylor, Martin Ramirez and William Edmondson speaks volumes to the rise of outsider art's popularity in recent years.

Since the term "outsider art" was coined by Roger Cardinal in 1972, its advocates and devotees have worked tirelessly to bring these self-taught makers the recognition as bonafide artists they deserve. For a while, it was a frustrating, uphill battle. As gallerist Carl Hammer explained in an earlier interview with The Huffington Post: "People refused to look at what we were offering as art."

After a lifetime on a plantation, former slave Bill Traylor moved to Montgomery, Alabama. Crippled with rheumatism, he began to draw. This is one of Traylor's exciting events, as it includes multiple figures and animals interacting on and around an abstracted structural element.
After a lifetime on a plantation, former slave Bill Traylor moved to Montgomery, Alabama. Crippled with rheumatism, he began to draw. This is one of Traylor's exciting events, as it includes multiple figures and animals interacting on and around an abstracted structural element.
Bill Traylor (1854-1949), "Three Figures with Dog, Bird and Fountain," circa 1939-1942, tempera and graphite on back of heavy card Dreams and Mounds candy poster, 12 1/4 x 6 3/4 in. (Estimate: $40,000-80,000)

Well, if Christie's upcoming outsider and vernacular art auction is any indication, outsider art has finally inched its way into the art marketplace, and for those who have been there since the beginning, the whole thing is kind of surreal.

Zimmerman, who previously worked at The Foundation for Self Taught Artists in Philadelphia, has the weighty task of locating these great outsider art objects, researching them, and finding them an owner. Of course, given the thick layer of mystery that often enshrouds outsider artists and their work, this is no easy feat, but a true labor of love.

"I was always attracted to things that are unusual," Zimmerman explained to HuffPost. After majoring in folklore as an undergraduate, Zimmerman was taken by the work of outsider artist Henry Darger. Specifically, his iconic "Realms of the Unreal," a 15,145-page epic in which the evil, Satan worshipping Glandelinians battle the pure of heart Abbieannians, led by seven princesses known as the Vivian Girls. The text was accompanied by hundreds of artworks, measuring up to ten feet wide, transforming Darger's gruesome acts of violence and ambivalent morality into unforgettable, watercolor visions.

This is one of approximately five large-scale enamel-on-paper works completed by William Hawkins. The artist rendered three variations of the Yaekle building, a Columbus, Ohio landmark, one of which is a promised gift to the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
This is one of approximately five large-scale enamel-on-paper works completed by William Hawkins. The artist rendered three variations of the Yaekle building, a Columbus, Ohio landmark, one of which is a promised gift to the Philadelphia Museum of Art.
William Hawkins (1895-1990), "Yaekle Building," dated 1982, signed WILLIAM.L.HAWKINS BON IN JULY 27 - 1895 and inscribed PAINt 1982 MARCH 20 to 30, enamel and glitter on thick paper, 44 x 52 1/4 in. (Estimate: $20,000-30,000)

"The world is essentially a folktale or fairy tale illustrated in such a contemporary aesthetic," Zimmerman said. "That was for me a turning point for me. I went back to school, read everything I could about the artist, and from there developed an interest in the stories, the objects, the art world, and how it all fit together."

Now Zimmerman is surrounded by the work of artists who, like Darger, create work in a mythical realm so powerful, so immediately visceral, it begins to supersede reality. The upcoming auction, for example, features the work of George Widener, a calendar savant whose detailed drawings expose the theoretical grace of mathematical patterns.

Specifically, Widener, who was diagnosed with Asperger syndrome as an adult, is obsessed with dates, which he believes are part of a vast interconnected network, linking past to present to future. Using what he calls Magic Time Squares, Widener creates a sort of engine to analyze historical events and, in a way, time travel. Widener is also particularly consumed by the sinking of the Titanic, a fascination sparked after the realization that another George Widener died with the ship.

 Hailing from Alabama, Thornton Dial (b. 1928) had a long career as a railroad welder before he turned to art. Throughout his practice, Dial has repurposed found materials, sometimes in homage to their original purpose, sometimes in the service of new narratives. Hard Labor is a wash bucket surrounded by flowers and a fire; it speaks to women's work.
Hailing from Alabama, Thornton Dial (b. 1928) had a long career as a railroad welder before he turned to art. Throughout his practice, Dial has repurposed found materials, sometimes in homage to their original purpose, sometimes in the service of new narratives. Hard Labor is a wash bucket surrounded by flowers and a fire; it speaks to women's work.
Thornton Dial (b. 1928), "Hard Labor," 1998, initialed TD upper right, carpet roping, sheet metal, cut fabric, carpet, industrial modeling compound and paint on plywood, 48 in. high, 48 in. wide, 3 in. deep (Estimate: $20,000-40,000)

And then there is the work of Bill Traylor, a former slave who, near the end of his life, from a wooden box on his Alabama porch, sketched on cardboard, creating hundreds of crisp, modernist silhouettes depicting animals, people, memories, and the world splayed out before him. His sharp lines and geometry-infused shapes resulted in an uncanny ability to capture the energy of African American life.

Cardboard is far from the oddest material Zimmerman encounters on a daily basis. Since many outsider artists double as resourceful scavengers, making art from whatever materials are available to them, media range far beyond gouache and oils.

Artists like Thornton Dial worked with found materials, from wire hangers to cow skulls. As Zimmerman put it: "His work is not just a reflection of his place, but was in fact created from the world he lived in." Idaho artist James Castle went with soot and spit, and Martin Ramirez, whose repetitive lines form hypnotic vortexes on the page, is rumored to have used mashed potatoes and saliva. "It's this idea of cobbling together what you need to create your artwork," Zimmerman said.

Justin McCarthy (1891-1977), "Tournament of Roses," circa 1965, signed JUSTIN McCARTHY lower right side, watercolor, graphite and ink on cardboard, 22 x 28 in. (Estimate: $2,000-4,000)

A major aspect of Zimmerman's job -- pricing the work -- is made all the more difficult given the lack of consistency within the outsider art field. There is no one style, era, location or medium that threads the work together. And since much of the work is found in attics, garbage dumps, thrift stores or abandoned homes, much information regarding the artist and her intentions often goes unknown.

For Zimmerman, the main factors dictating a work's price are previous auction records, if they are available. Secondly, Zimmerman explains, she must take into consideration whether museums or galleries have shown the work. If so, what were the retail prices there? But at the end of the day, she specifies, the buyer sets the price.

An iconic masterwork by renowned African American artist William Edmondson (1874-1951), "Boxer" is an incredibly sophisticated object. Likely modeled after Joe Louis, it is one of the most important sculptures created in interwar America.
An iconic masterwork by renowned African American artist William Edmondson (1874-1951), "Boxer" is an incredibly sophisticated object. Likely modeled after Joe Louis, it is one of the most important sculptures created in interwar America.
William Edmondson (1874-1951), "Boxer," circa 1937, Limestone, 17 in. high, 7 1/4 in. wide, 9 1/4 in. deep (Estimate: $150,000-250,000)

Christie's upcoming auction "Liberation Through Expression" is led by Tennessee-based artist William Edmonson's "Boxer," which was presumed lost until 2014. Edmonson, a child of freed slaves, worked as a railroad laborer and a hospital janitor before he turned to stonecutting to make tombstones. This limestone sculpture, long thought to be his favorite work, depicts boxer Joe Louis, one of the earliest African American boxers to become a national icon.

Both Edmonson and Louis represent major triumphs for the black community in the early 20th century. In 1937, Edmonson became the first African American to have a one-person show at the Museum of Modern Art, while Louis held the world heavyweight championship from 1937 to 1949. The statue -- strong, spry and ready to attack, speaks to the resilient spirit of black America.

Christie's recent foray into outsider art raises a handful of questions, namely, what does it mean that a genre of art whose identity relies on its "outsiderness" has finally made its way into the mainstream spotlight? Is there a reason to be wary of the fact that the outsider art aesthetic and the riveting stories accompanying it are finally gaining traction at a startlingly quick pace?

James Castle (1899-1977), "Untitled (Farmscape with freestanding door in front of shed)," soot and spit on flattened Amalgamated Sugar Company package, 5 3/4 x 7 1/2 in. (Estimate: $5,000-10,000)

For Zimmerman, the more eyes on the historically under-appreciated and undervalued pocket of the art world, the better. "I hope it grows and people who are unfamiliar with it now will know it by heart in 10 to 20 years," she said. "I hope the work thrives. I want it to take on a life of its own and be in every major museum. I want this to be a part of the art world that people just can’t ignore."

"Liberation Through Expression: Outsider and Vernacular Art" will take place on January 22, 2016 at Christie's Auction House in New York. Be sure to check out the Outsider Art Fair, from Jan. 21-24, 2016, at the Metropolitan Pavilion in New York City.

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Outsider Art Fair 2016

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