Developing countries and emerging market economies have benefited from opportunities to transfer technology from abroad and to undergo domestic structural transformation via trade integration.
Independent efforts by individual countries to facilitate trade should keep a close eye on standards being shaped in order to minimize adjustments when it (finally) comes the moment of cross-border harmonization.
The city of Savannah is constantly intertwining its past, present, and future. Since the city's emergence, trade and manufacturing have played a huge role in its economy and continue to make an impact on a local and global scale.
Americans support trade in general but oppose the NAFTA model of trade that has offshored U.S. jobs, spurred massive deficits, stagnated middle-class wages and contributed to unprecedented levels of U.S. income inequality.
Brazil's is an unusually closed economy as measured by trade penetration, with exports plus imports equal to just 27.6 percent of GDP in 2013. Brazil's large size is often used to explain its relative lack of openness. But this argument does not stand up to scrutiny.
That trade system has not delivered the promised benefits because it was designed not to. The agreements traded away the interests of American workers in favor of the interests of American corporations.