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Protecting the World's Children From Malaria

Mosquito bites mean something different in many parts of the world. Working for an international aid and development agency, I've learned about the dangers of malaria, an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito. On World Malaria Day, I think about the millions of children who have no bug spray -- not ever.
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close up of mosquito sucking...

As night fell on Bangladesh, I felt the tell-tale tickle on my ankle. Looking down, I saw a red, swollen place with a small white welt in the middle. I'd been bitten by a mosquito.

It shouldn't have been a big deal. I grew up camping in the Canadian north, and am intimately acquainted with mosquito bites. As a child who resisted bug spray, I was often covered by veritable constellations of itchy redness. But beyond driving me crazy in my sleeping bag at night, the bites had no real consequences.

Mosquito bites mean something different in many parts of the world. Working for an international aid and development agency, I've learned about the dangers of malaria, an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito. I recall the president of our organization contracting malaria two years ago, after travelling to Africa.

"For the first time in my life, I had a fever so high that I struggled to speak, or even think," says Dave Toycen, recalling his bout with malaria. The expert care of Canadian medical teams meant Dave was quickly diagnosed and treated. But the episode was terrifying.

That's why, before heading off this month on a World Vision trip to Asia, I visited a doctor who:

  1. Scoured a map of the route I'd be travelling, noting the malaria zones
  2. Wrote a two-week prescription for pills to guard against infection
  3. Strongly recommended that I also use insect repellent

I dutifully consumed the tablets, each night, with a meal. But I made the decision to leave the bug spray behind when learning that our luggage limit for travel on a small seaplane was just 8 kg. I'm likely perfectly well. But when that first mosquito bit, I wondered about the dozens of Bangladeshi children we were spending time with that evening.

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For many of the world's children, the setting sun brings the threat of malaria-infected mosquitos.

On World Malaria Day, I think about the millions of children who have no bug spray -- not ever -- and no medication to guard against infection. I think about two-year-old Josepha, a toddler in Angola whose mother brought her to hospital burning up with fever. It was malaria. Josepha was also battling acute malnutrition and diarrhea, two other very common threats to the life of a child. All in all, her little system was in no way prepared to deal with this potentially deadly infection.

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Josepha battles the deadly malaria virus in an Angolan hospital.

"It's no way for any human being to leave the world," says Dave Toycen, "burning up with fever, struggling for breath, perhaps in a coma and unable to say goodbye. But it's especially heartbreaking when it's a child whose life has only just begun."

Despite recent progress in malaria prevention, about half the world's population still lives in malaria risk areas. The illness remains a leading cause of death amongst young children, with one child dying every 60 seconds. You want to wrap your arms around these kids. They deal with so much already, in their constant, grinding battle against poverty. They deserve the chance to sleep peacefully at night, without being infected by deadly bug bites.

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In Sri Lanka, a Canadian donor provided Sivanesa and her baby with a mosquito net and a safe night's sleep.

An insecticide-coated mosquito net is a simple way to make this possible. Several family members can sleep comfortably under a single net, available through the World Vision Gift Catalogue. World Vision also teaches parents to recognize infection in their little ones, so doctors and hospitals can treat them with a simple oral medication.

Donating a net is an easy thing to do -- and a powerful one. Now if this hapless Canadian would just take her bug spray along next time!

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In Mozambique, Delfina (red shirt) and her friends have sleepovers under the mosquito net World Vision provided.

ALSO ON HUFFPOST:

Natural Ways To Prevent Mosquito Bites
Avoid Dusk And Dawn(01 of13)
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The evening and early morning hours are peak biting times for many mosquito species, according to the CDC, so consider ramping up your protection or staying inside at these times if you can.

But, Conlon warns, other species bite during the day, too. "Whenever you're present, you're on the menu," he says.

Flickr photo by ActiveSteve
(credit:Flickr: ActiveSteve)
Eat Garlic(02 of13)
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Garlic has long been rumored to ward off mosquitoes, but there isn't much research to back up the claims. However, garlic does have some healthy benefits, thanks to the powerful antioxidant allicin that gives it its smell and flavor. Adding a little extra garlic to your summer diet certainly won't hurt!

Pure garlic oil, on the other hand, when rubbed on the skin will repel mosquitos -- for around 20 minutes -- but it will probably repel everyone around you as well, jokes Conlon.

There is one ingestible to avoid, however. The New York Times reports that alcohol is just about the only food or beverage proven to have a true effect on mosquitos, and the bad news is it attracts them. A small 2002 study showed that more mosquitoes landed on beer drinkers than tee-totalers.

Flickr photo by lowjumpingfrog
(credit:Flickr: lowjumpingfrog)
Avoid Scented Shampoos, Soaps And Perfumes(03 of13)
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This one is mostly rumor, says Conlon. When they're not feasting on humans, mosquitos obtain some nourishment from plants, so the thinking goes that if you smell like a pretty flower, a bug might mistake you for one, but it's never been proven, he says. (credit:Alamy)
Citronella(04 of13)
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A small study from 2002 found that citronella-based repellents keep bugs away for about 20 minutes or less.

While the plant-based oil is thought to smell bad to mosquitoes, it's not highly unpleasant to humans, so if you feel like it works, there's no reason to stop using it, says Conlon, but there may be a bit of a placebo effect going on, he says.

The same study found that other plant-based repellents, like geranium oil, didn't provide lasting protection either. However, protection from soybean-oil-based repellents lasted about 90 minutes.

Flickr photo by Keith Williamson
(credit:Flickr: Keith Williamson)
Burn A Candle(05 of13)
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Whether you light citronella candles or decorative patio torches, smoke will keep mosquitos at bay, says Conlon.

Flickr photo by TedsBlog
(credit:Flickr: TedsBlog)
Cover Up(06 of13)
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The CDC recommends wearing long sleeves, pants, hats and closed-toed shoes instead of sandals to cover exposed skin. In the dead of summer, this might not always be appropriate, but if you have to be outside during dusk or dawn, when temperatures are likely to be cooler, long sleeves may be more practical.

"Any exposed skin is 'fair game,'" says Conlon.
(credit:Alamy)
B Vitamins(07 of13)
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According to the Mayo Clinic, taking a daily dose of 75 to 150 milligrams of vitamin B-1 (thiamin) could slightly change your scent in a way that might keep mosquitoes away, but the research isn't conclusive.

Flickr photo by seanmichaelragan
(credit:Flickr: seanmichaelragan)
Eliminate Standing Water(08 of13)
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Any pools or puddles around your home or yard can quickly become mosquito breeding ground. The Mayo Clinic recommends unclogging roof gutters, emptying any kids' pools, changing the water in any bird baths weekly, making sure rain is not accumulating in trash can lids and storing flower pots or any other unused containers upside down, among other tips you can see here.

Flickr photo by elias_daniel
(credit:Flickr: elias_daniel)
Stay Close To The Fan(09 of13)
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"Mosquitoes are bad fliers," Dave Shetlar, an Ohio State University professor of urban landscape entomology told Cleveland.com. Perch yourself near ceiling fans on patios, porches or open-air restaurants that have them.

Flickr photo by JMacPherson
(credit:Flickr: JMacPherson)
Ditch The Bug Zapper(10 of13)
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These electronic gadgets will wind up killing bigger bugs, like moths, rather than mosquitoes, says Conlon.

In fact, an entomology professor from the University of Delaware published a study in 1996 showing that out of nearly 14,000 insects killed by six zappers in one summer, only 31 were biting fliers, Popular Mechanics reported. Another 2,000 were beneficial bugs that keep real pests at bay, and the others were harmless species.

Plus, mosquitoes are attracted to dim light, so they may fly toward the zapper initially, but they'll likely turn away from the thing when they get too close, according to Cleveland.com.

Flickr photo by hfb
(credit:Flickr: hfb)
Lemon Eucalyptus Oil(11 of13)
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The CDC, Consumer Reports and other outlets recommend this "very good repellent" Conlon says, which, at 40 percent concentration will ward off mosquitoes and ticks.

However, it isn't recommended for children under 3, according to Consumer Reports. Conlon explains that isn't necessarily because of toxicity, however. "I think they probably haven't taken the time to get the [EPA] registration," he says, a timely and costly process, when children under 3 can be protected in other ways, like dressing them appropriately, he says.

Flickr photo by fairfaxcounty
(credit:Flickr: fairfaxcounty)
Catnip Oil(12 of13)
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According to a 2001 study, this natural repellent is 10 times more effective than DEET. Since then, scientists have been studying its repellency, and Dow Chemical is in the process of getting EPA registration for a new catnip-based product, says Conlon. Of course, every consumer will have to weigh the cost and the benefits, he jokes. You'll repel mosquitoes wearing the stuff, but you're likely to attract cats!

Flickr photo by cygnus921
(credit:Flickr: cygnus921)
IR3535(13 of13)
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This cryptically-named repellent, most well-known as the active ingredient in Avon Skin So Soft, is characterized by the EPA as a "biopesticide repellent," meaning it is in fact derived from natural materials. However, the same 2002 study found this compound protects against mosquitoes for only about 23 minutes.

Photo from Amazon.com
(credit:Amazon.com)
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