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Actes terroristes: voici comment ne pas sombrer dans l'angoisse

La multiplication d'attentats très médiatisés peut créer chez certains du stress, de l'angoisse. Comment gérer ces sentiments?
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Johannes Simon via Getty Images
MUNICH, GERMANY - JULY 23: People lay flowers and candles outside the OEZ shopping center the day after a shooting spree left nine victims dead on July 23, 2016 in Munich, Germany. According to police an 18-year-old German man of Iranian descent shot nine people dead and wounded at least 16 before he shot himself in a nearby park. For hours during the spree and the following manhunt the city lay paralyzed as police ordered people to stay off the streets. Original reports of up to three attackers seem to have been unfounded. The shooter's motive is so far unclear. (Photo by Johannes Simon/Getty Images)

La multiplication d'attentats très médiatisés ces dernières semaines ainsi que les manchettes faisant état d'une « guerre contre le terrorisme » peuvent créer chez certains du stress, de l'angoisse. Comment gérer ces sentiments? Voici quelques pistes.

Un texte de Ximena Sampson

Il faut d'abord reconnaître l'anxiété et la tristesse que ces événements peuvent provoquer, croit la psychologue Pascale Brillon, directrice de l'Institut Alpha.

«Il faut pouvoir se dire que notre réaction d'anxiété, d'hypervigilance, d'amertume et d'impuissance est normale.» - Pascale Brillon, psychologue

Ensuite, précise la docteure Brillon, on doit tenter d'augmenter notre tolérance face à l'incertitude, pour accepter ce qu'on ne peut pas changer. « On prend déjà cette décision pour beaucoup de choses dans le quotidien : chaque fois qu'on prend la voiture, on oublie qu'il y a des milliers de morts chaque année sur les routes », rappelle-t-elle.

Depuis la tuerie d'Orlando, le 12 juin, pas moins de neuf attentats ont eu lieu aux États-Unis et en Europe (incluant la Turquie), causant la mort de près de 200 personnes.

Miser sur le positif

Enfin, souligne la psychologue, il est important de vérifier notre niveau d'anxiété et de s'entourer de choses positives, pour contrer les images négatives que l'on voit à la télévision ou sur le web.

Pour combattre la sensation d'impuissance que l'on peut expérimenter, elle conseille d'agir, notamment en faisant du bénévolat dans un domaine qui nous inspire. On peut ainsi sentir que l'on fait notre part pour améliorer les choses.

«Plutôt que de voir le monde à travers notre écran, on voit autour de nous des gens qui se mobilisent pour rendre le monde meilleur.» - Pascale Brillon, psychologue

Enfin, il faut aussi se dire que le monde n'est pas aussi dangereux que ce que les médias laissent parfois imaginer et que, en comparaison avec le Moyen-Orient et l'Afrique, l'Occident demeure relativement épargné par les terroristes.

Continuer de vivre

Pour Alain Brunet, chercheur à l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale Douglas, qui est actuellement à Paris afin de mettre en place un projet pour aider les victimes du terrorisme, il faut apprendre à vivre avec cette crainte. « On ne peut pas faire grand-chose en tant qu'individu; il faut continuer nos activités », affirme-t-il.

Le docteur Brunet souligne que plusieurs, en France, parlent d'une « israélisation » de la situation, c'est-à-dire que les gens apprennent à vivre avec une menace diffuse, mais constante et à être toujours sur leurs gardes.

«Ça va avoir un effet pendant quelques semaines ou quelques mois, mais s'il y a une accalmie, ça va s'atténuer. On tend à oublier ça.» - Alain Brunet, chercheur à l'Institut Douglas et professeur à l'Université McGill

Voir aussi:

Hommages aux victimes de Nice
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(01 of36)
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Burning candles, messages and a drawing pay tribute to victims of the truck attack along the Promenade des Anglais on Bastille Day that killed scores and injured as many in Nice, France, July 17, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(02 of36)
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Flowers and burning candles pay tribute to victims of the truck attack along the Promenade des Anglais on Bastille Day that killed scores and injured as many in Nice, France, July 17, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(03 of36)
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People gather around a makeshift memorial with flowers and candles placed on the road in tribute to victims before a minute of silence on the third day of national mourning to pay tribute to victims of the truck attack along the Promenade des Anglais on Bastille Day that killed scores and injured as many in Nice, France, July 18, 2016. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard (credit:Eric Gaillard / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(04 of36)
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People walk past a heart shape makeshift memorial with a U.S. flag placed on the road in tribute to victims before a minute of silence on the third day of national mourning to pay tribute to victims of the truck attack along the Promenade des Anglais on Bastille Day that killed scores and injured as many in Nice, France, July 18, 2016. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard (credit:Eric Gaillard / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(05 of36)
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People gather around flowers and burning candles to pay tribute to victims of the truck attack along the Promenade des Anglais on Bastille Day that killed scores and injured as many in Nice, France, July 17, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(06 of36)
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A shadow is cast on flower petals that form a heart placed on the road in tribute to victims of the truck attack along the Promenade des Anglais on Bastille Day that killed scores and injured as many in Nice, France, July 17, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(07 of36)
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A bouquet of flowers from a Muslim association is seen with the message, "Love for All. Hatred for No One" in tribute to victims of the truck attack along the Promenade des Anglais on Bastille Day that killed scores and injured as many in Nice, France, July 17, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
France Truck Attack(08 of36)
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A teddy bear is laid with flowers and candles to honor the victims of an attack, on the Promenade des Anglais, near the area where a truck mowed through revelers in Nice, southern France, Saturday, July 16, 2016. A large truck mowed through revelers gathered for Bastille Day fireworks in Nice, killing scores of people and sending people fleeing into the sea as it bore down for more than a mile along the Riviera city's famed waterfront promenade. (AP Photo/Claude Paris) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(09 of36)
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A painting with the colors of the French flag covers the asphalt near a makeshift memorial to honor the victims, three days after a truck mowed through revelers, on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Francois Mori) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(10 of36)
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Flowers and stuffed toys are placed at a makeshift memorial to honor the victims of an attack near the area where a truck mowed through revelers on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(11 of36)
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People react at a makeshift memorial to honor the victims, three days after a truck mowed through revelers, on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. On the barrier reads : "Why the Kids". (AP Photo/Francois Mori) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(12 of36)
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People react at a makeshift memorial to honor the victims, three days after a truck mowed through revelers, on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Francois Mori) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(13 of36)
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Unidentified harpists perform at a makeshift memorial to honor the victims of an attack near the area where a truck mowed through revelers on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(14 of36)
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People gather at a makeshift memorial to honor the victims of an attack near the area where a truck mowed through revelers on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(15 of36)
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People gather at a makeshift memorial to honor the victims of an attack, near the area where a truck mowed through revelers in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(16 of36)
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A paper reading "Sieu Nissa, 'I am Nice' in local dialect, the reed bends but does not break" is laid with a french flag and candles placed in tribute of one of the victims at the scene of a deadly attack on the famed Boulevard des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Francois Mori) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(17 of36)
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An unidentified woman and her children light candles during a mass at the Saint Nicolas Orthodox church in Nice, southern France, three days after a deadly attack, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(18 of36)
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Natasha Munteanu from Moldavia, holds her son Matteo, 3, as they light candles in tribute to the victims of a deadly attack, during a mass at the Saint Nicolas Orthodox church in Nice, southern France, Sunday, July 17, 2016. French authorities detained two more people Sunday in the investigation into the Bastille Day truck attack on the Mediterranean city of Nice that killed at least 84 people, as authorities try to determine whether the slain attacker was a committed religious extremist or just a very angry man. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(19 of36)
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Family pictures are seen on a French flag near tributes of flowers to victims two days after an attack by the driver of a heavy truck who ran into a crowd on Bastille Day killing scores and injuring as many on the Promenade des Anglais, in Nice, France, July 16, 2016. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard (credit:Eric Gaillard / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(20 of36)
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A man reacts near flowers placed in tribute to victims, two days after an attack by the driver of a heavy truck who ran into a crowd on Bastille Day killing scores and injuring as many on the Promenade des Anglais, in Nice, France, July 16, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(21 of36)
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Members of the French community hold a gathering in Hong Kong, China, July 16, 2016, to mourn those killed in an attack in Nice, France. REUTERS/Bobby Yip (credit:Bobby Yip / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(22 of36)
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A French flag with messages pays tribute to victims two days after an attack by the driver of a heavy truck who ran into a crowd on Bastille Day killing scores and injuring as many on the Promenade des Anglais, in Nice, France, July 16, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(23 of36)
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A French flag with the message, "Don't Touch Our Children" is placed on flowers in tribute to victims two days after an attack by the driver of a heavy truck who ran into a crowd on Bastille Day killing scores and injuring as many on the Promenade des Anglais, in Nice, France, July 16, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(24 of36)
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A man cycles past a bouquet of flowers, stuffed toys and a French flag placed in tribute to victims, two days after an attack by the driver of a heavy truck who ran into a crowd on Bastille Day killing scores and injuring as many on the Promenade des Anglais, in Nice, France, July 16, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(25 of36)
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A woman carries blue, white and red flowers and a French flag as a tribute to victicms two days after an attack by the driver of a heavy truck who ran into a crowd on Bastille Day killing scores and injuring as many on the Promenade des Anglais, in Nice, France, July 16, 2016. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (credit:Pascal Rossignol / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(26 of36)
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People gather to leave flowers in tribute to victims the day after a truck ran into a crowd at high speed killing scores and injuring more on the Promenade des Anglais who were celebrating the Bastille Day national holiday, in Nice, France, July 15, 2016. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard (credit:Eric Gaillard / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(27 of36)
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People gather near flowers and candles left in tribute to victims the day after a truck ran into a crowd at high speed killing scores and injuring more on the Promenade des Anglais who were celebrating the Bastille Day national holiday, in Nice, France, July 15, 2016. REUTERS/Eric Gaillard (credit:Eric Gaillard / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/NICE(28 of36)
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A woman reacts by flowers left in tribute to the victims the day after a truck ran into a crowd at high speed killing scores and injuring more who were celebrating the Bastille Day national holiday, in Nice, France, July 15, 2016. REUTERS/Jean-Pierre Amet (credit:Jean-Pierre Amet / Reuters)
EUROPE-ATTACKS/LEBANON(29 of36)
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A memorial in solidarity to those killed in the attack in Nice is set up by residents at the French embassy residential palace in Beirut, Lebanon July 15, 2016. REUTERS/Mohamed Azakir (credit:Mohamed Azakir / Reuters)
APTOPIX France Truck Attack(30 of36)
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Flowers are laid for Milan, 2, at the place where he died following a deadly truck attack, on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Saturday, July 16, 2016. French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve says that the truck driver who killed 84 people when he careened into a crowd at a fireworks show was "radicalized very quickly." (AP Photo/Luca Bruno) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(31 of36)
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People pay tribute to the victims at the site of a deadly truck attack on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Saturday, July 16, 2016. French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve says that the truck driver who killed 84 people when he careened into a crowd at a fireworks show was "radicalized very quickly." (AP Photo/Francois Mori) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(32 of36)
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Teddy bears and a baby doll are placed near the site of a deadly truck attack on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Saturday, July 16, 2016. French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve says that the truck driver who killed 84 people when he careened into a crowd at a fireworks show was "radicalized very quickly." (AP Photo/Francois Mori) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(33 of36)
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Flowers, teddy bears and a baby doll are placed near the site of a deadly truck attack on the famed Promenade des Anglais in Nice, southern France, Saturday, July 16, 2016. The sheet of paper reads : we were there on July 14th. French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve says that the truck driver who killed 84 people when he careened into a crowd at a fireworks show was "radicalized very quickly." (AP Photo/Francois Mori) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(34 of36)
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A teddy bear sits with flowers and paper tributes near the scene of a truck attack in Nice, southern France, Saturday, July 16, 2016. The man responsible for turning a night of celebration into one of carnage in the seaside city of Nice was a petty criminal who hadn't been on the radar of French intelligence services before the attack. (AP Photo/Laurent Cipriani) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(35 of36)
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Floral and papers tributes are laid with a French flag near the scene of a truck attack in Nice, southern France, Saturday, July 16, 2016. Nice's seaside boulevard reopens to traffic Saturday following a dramatic truck attack which killed more than 80 people and wounded more than 200 others at a fireworks display. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
France Truck Attack(36 of36)
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Teddy bears and candles sit between flowers at a makeshift memorial to commemorate the victims of an attack near the area where a truck mowed through revelers in Nice, southern France, Friday, July 15, 2016. A large truck mowed through revelers gathered for Bastille Day fireworks in Nice, killing more than 80 people and sending people fleeing into the sea as it bore down for more than a mile along the Riviera city's famed waterfront promenade. (AP Photo/Francois Mori) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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