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Indépendance de la Catalogne: Le président catalan convoque un référendum, défiant Madrid

La Catalogne convoque un référendum pour son indépendance, mais...
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Le président catalan Artur Mas a convoqué samedi pour le 9 novembre un référendum sur l'indépendance de cette riche région de l'Espagne, défiant le gouvernement de Madrid qui veut empêcher cette consultation.

Le gouvernement espagnol a prévu de se réunir lundi pour faire appel au Tribunal constitutionnel contre ce scrutin qui, selon lui, viole la Constitution.

Cet appel suspendra automatiquement le décret de convocation, en attendant la décision du Tribunal qui, selon toute vraisemblance, annulera le décret et la loi catalane qui l'a autorisé.

Un référendum "anticonstitutionnel" qui "n'aura pas lieu"

Le gouvernement espagnol a affirmé catégoriquement samedi que le référendum sur l'indépendance convoqué par la Catalogne n'aurait pas lieu, personne n'étant "au-dessus de la volonté souveraine de tous les Espagnols".

"Ce référendum n'aura pas lieu parce qu'il est anticonstitutionnel", a déclaré le numéro 2 du gouvernement, Soraya Saenz de Santamaria, lors d'une conférence de presse. "C'est à tous les Espagnols de décider ce qu'est l'Espagne et comment elle s'organise" et "personne n'est au dessus de la volonté souveraine du peuple espagnol".

"Nous regrettons profondément l'initiative du président de la Generalitat et nous considérons que c'est une erreur: elle fracture la société catalane, elle divise les Catalans et les éloigne de l'Europe", a ajouté Soraya Sainz de Santamaria.

Les aspirations à l'indépendance montent en Catalogne, une région de 7,5 millions d'habitants du nord-est de l'Espagne, depuis qu'elle a vu en 2010 son statut d'autonomie amendé par le Tribunal constitutionnel, qui a notamment retiré la reconnaissance de"nation".

Quand Madrid a refusé en 2012 d'accorder à la Catalogne plus d'autonomie dans la perception et la gestion des impôts, Artur Mas s'est engagé à organiser cette consultation.

"Nous voulons voter", a-t-il déclaré après la signature solennelle du décret au palais de la Generalitat, le gouvernement catalan. Il faisait écho au slogan des partisans de l'indépendance qui ont une nouvelle fois manifesté par centaines de milliers à Barcelone le 11 septembre, jour de la Catalogne.

Manifestation pour l'indépendance de la Catalogne
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People wave \"estelada\" flags, that symbolize Catalonia\'s independence, during a demonstration calling for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(02 of17)
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People wave \"estelada\" flags, that symbolizes Catalonia\'s independence, during a demonstration calling for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A man and a girl with the face painted with the in their faces âesteladaâ flags, that symbolizes Catalonia\'s independence, during a demonstration calling for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(04 of17)
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Girls wearing \"estelada\" flags, that symbolizes Catalonia\'s independence, sit on the street in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People hold Catalonia and \"estelada\" flags, that symbolize Catalonia\'s independence, in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People wave \"estelada\" flags, that symbolize Catalonia\'s independence, in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(07 of17)
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idihi, 6, has an \"estelada\" flag, that symbolizes Catalonia\'s independence, painted on his face in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People wave \"estelada\" flags, that symbolize Catalonia\'s independence, during a demonstration calling for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(09 of17)
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People stand on a balcony decorated with Catalonia flags in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Hundreds of thousands of demonstrators stand on the streets waving their \"estelada\" flags, that symbolizes Catalonia\'s independence, during a protest calling for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(11 of17)
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People wave \"estelada\" flags, that symbolize Catalonia\'s independence, during a demonstration calling for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People wave \"estelada\" flags, that symbolizes Catalonia\'s independence, during a demonstration calling for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Thursday, Sept 11, 2014. A week before Scotland votes on whether to break away from the United Kingdom, separatists in northeastern Spain were trying to convince hundreds of thousands to protest across Catalonia to demand a secession sentiment vote that the central government in Madrid insists would be illegal. AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People hold torches during a march for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2014. After years of mass protests by Catalans demanding the right to decide whether they want to break away from Spain and form a new European nation, the wealthy northeastern regionâs lawmakers are voting to ask permission from Spanish authorities to hold a secession referendum in November. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People hold torches during a march for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2014. After years of mass protests by Catalans demanding the right to decide whether they want to break away from Spain and form a new European nation, the wealthy northeastern regionâs lawmakers are voting to ask permission from Spanish authorities to hold a secession referendum in November. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(15 of17)
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People burn torches during a march for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2014. After years of mass protests by Catalans demanding the right to decide whether they want to break away from Spain and form a new European nation, the wealthy northeastern regionâs lawmakers are voting to ask permission from Spanish authorities to hold a secession referendum in November. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(16 of17)
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People burn torches during a march for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2014. After years of mass protests by Catalans demanding the right to decide whether they want to break away from Spain and form a new European nation, the wealthy northeastern regionâs lawmakers are voting to ask permission from Spanish authorities to hold a secession referendum in November. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
(17 of17)
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People hold torches during a march for the independence of Catalonia in Barcelona, Spain, Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2014. After years of mass protests by Catalans demanding the right to decide whether they want to break away from Spain and form a new European nation, the wealthy northeastern regionâs lawmakers are voting to ask permission from Spanish authorities to hold a secession referendum in November. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)

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