Van 167 años de cambios en las reglas del beisbol

Las reglas del beisbol siguen cambiando
|
Open Image Modal

** Este año, 2012, se jugó diferente a 2011, y también será distinto en 2013.

** Las primeras Reglas de 1845, fueron modificadas antes de que se estrenaran.


CORAL GABLES, Florida.- Especilmente en su final, la temporada de Grandes Ligas este año 2012 ha sido organizada diferente a las anteriores 141 campañas que se han celebrado desde 1871.

En vez de cuatro equipos por Liga, como hasta el año pasado, clasifican cinco, dos como wild cards. Y esos dos juegan un encuentro de playoffs para decidir quién queda en la pos-temporada. Estos dos juegos, uno en cada Liga, se realizan el viernes cinco de octubre.

Es la tercera vez que se modifica la pos-temporada en los últimos 43 años. En 1969, debido a la expansión, además de la Serie Mundial, se agregó un playoff. Eso obedeció a que se jugó por primera vez con Divisiones. Eran dos por Liga, por eso se celebraron dos playoffs, y de cada uno surgió el representante de cada Liga en la Serie Mundial.

En 1994, tras la nueva expansión, se agregó una División a cada Liga, ya eran tres, más el playoffs divisional con los wild cards.

Pero los cambios en Grandes Ligas parecen formar parte del diario vivir desde 1845, cuando se escribieron las primera Reglas.

En 2013 se jugará muy diferente a este 2012 toda la temporada, con 15 equipos en cada Liga, en vez de 16 en la Nacional y 14 en la Americana como hasta ahora. Los Astros se mudarán de la Nacional a la Americana.

Por supuesto que por dentro y también alrededor de estas modificaciones ha habido muchas otras, la mayoría como consecuencia de los cambios en los estilos de vida.

El beisbol no nació como una competencia deportiva, y menos como un espectaculo. Surgió como un entretenimieto rural, una manera de pasar el tiempo y de hacer ejercicio.

Pero mientras Estados Unidos cambiaba de país rural a potencia industrializada, durante los últimos 25 años del siglo XIX y los últimos 25 del siglo XX, el beisbol también se iba transformando cada día en más deporte y más espectáculo.

La información pormenorizada de todo lo que ha sido cambiado en ese progreso de la historia del beisbol, tanto dentro del juego como alrededor, en el aspecto organizarivo y del negocio, necesitaría el espacio de un libro más gordo que el de Pepete.

Porque esas modificaciones, esos borrones y nuevos textos, comenzaron durante el verano de 1845, cuando un joven nativo de Nueva York, de 25 años, llamado Alexánder Cartwright, escribió las primera Reglas del beisbol. Y desde entonces, han sido constantes los cambios.

Incluso, por aquellos mismos días, antes de ser aprobado lo que escribió Alexánder, se experimentó en el terreno con juegos entre miembros del equipo los Knickerboker, de Manhattan. Y en cada encuentro se modificaron, se ampliaron o se eliminaron Reglas.

Finalmente, a media mañana del soleado domingo del 19 de junio de 1846, los Knickerbocker inauguraron sus Reglas. Para eso, invitaron a otro equipo de Nueva York, que practicaba numerosos juegos de batear y correr, los New York Nine.

La cita fue en el Elysian Field de Hoboken, New Jersey. Celebraron el primer juego de beisbol bajo Reglas.

Ganaron los New York Nine porque fueron los primeros en anotar 21 carreras. Ni se soñaba con los nueve innings. Aquellas Reglas decían que el equipo en llegar a home 21 veces lograba la victoria.

Desde luego, aquel era un beisbol muy diferente, regido por 21 Reglas, las de hoy día son 10, pero con más de 400 apartes o parágrafos, más docenas de textos explicativos.

Igual ocurre con las condiciones de la competencia. Por ejemplo, el año que viene, además de los Astros en la Americana, el juego inaugural será inter-ligas por primera vez en la historia, Angelinos en Cincinnati. Es decir, los lanzadores del club de Anaheim habrán de practicar mucho bateo en el spring training, porque el primero de abril ya jugarán sin designado. Los Astros se estrenarán en su nueva Liga el dos de abril, con los Rangers como visitantes. Cada equipo se enfrentará 76 veces a los de su división, 66 a los de las otras dos divisiones de su misma Liga, y en 20 oportunidades más a clubes de la Liga contraria. Total, 162 juegos por club.

Y entonces seguirán los cerebros del beisbol inventando fórmulas porque insisten en buscar la perfección.

Support HuffPost

At HuffPost, we believe that everyone needs high-quality journalism, but we understand that not everyone can afford to pay for expensive news subscriptions. That is why we are committed to providing deeply reported, carefully fact-checked news that is freely accessible to everyone.

Whether you come to HuffPost for updates on the 2024 presidential race, hard-hitting investigations into critical issues facing our country today, or trending stories that make you laugh, we appreciate you. The truth is, news costs money to produce, and we are proud that we have never put our stories behind an expensive paywall.

Would you join us to help keep our stories free for all? Your will go a long way.

Support HuffPost

Before You Go

MLB Beisbol
Nate Schierholtz, John Mayberry(01 of43)
Open Image Modal
Philadelphia Phillies right fielder Nate Schierholtz (22) watches as left fielder John Mayberry (back) and second baseman Chase Utley (26) almost collide as Utley catches a fly ball hit by Miami Marlins batter Austin Kearns during the eighth inning of a MLB baseball game in Miami, Sunday, Sept. 30, 2012. The Phillies won 4-1. (AP Photo/J Pat Carter) (credit:AP)
Tsuyoshi Nishioka(02 of43)
Open Image Modal
FILE - This Aug. 8, 2012 file photo shows Minnesota Twins second baseman Tsuyoshi Nishioka looking up after an error in the second inning of a baseball game against the Cleveland Indians, in Cleveland. The Twins have released Nishioka, ending their experiment with the Japanese middle infielder after two rough years. The Twins said Friday, Sept. 28, 2012, that the move came at Nishioka's request. ( (AP Photo/Tony Dejak, File) (credit:AP)
Hanley Ramirez(03 of43)
Open Image Modal
Los Angeles Dodgers' Hanley Ramirez is examined by a trainer after being hit by a pitch during the Dodgers' four run rally against the San Diego Padres in the fifth inning of a baseball game Thursday, Sept. 27, 2012 in San Diego. (AP Photo/Lenny Ignelzi) (credit:AP)
Matt Kemp(04 of43)
Open Image Modal
Los Angeles Dodgers' Matt Kemp connecdts for a double and starts a foru run Dodgers' rally in the fifth inning of a baseball game against the San Diego Padres Thursday, Sept. 27, 2012 in San Diego. (AP Photo/Lenny Ignelzi) (credit:AP)
Erik Kratz, Jayson Werth(05 of43)
Open Image Modal
Washington Nationals' Jayson Werth, left, collides with Philadelphia Phillies catcher Erik Kratz after he was caught trying to score on a fielder's choice by Adam LaRoche in the seventh inning of a baseball game, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2012, in Philadelphia. LaRoche was safe at first. Washington won 7-3. (AP Photo/Matt Slocum) (credit:AP)
Pablo Sandoval(06 of43)
Open Image Modal
San Francisco Giants third baseman Pablo Sandoval drops the ball on a Houston Astros' Jason Castro foul pop up in the first inning of a baseball game Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012, in Houston. Giants shortstop Brandon Crawford ran in to make the catch before the ball hit the ground for the out. (AP Photo/Pat Sullivan) (credit:AP)
Luis Cruz(07 of43)
Open Image Modal
Los Angeles Dodgers' Luis Cruz watches his two run single head into center field during the Dodgers' four fifth inning against the San Diego Padres during a baseball game Thursday, Sept. 27, 2012 in San Diego. (AP Photo/Lenny Ignelzi) (credit:AP)
Brett Myers, Evan Longoria(08 of43)
Open Image Modal
Chicago White Sox relief pitcher Brett Myers, bottom, looks down as Tampa Bay Rays' Evan Longoria, top, rounds the bases on a solo home run during the ninth inning of a baseball game in Chicago, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2012. The Rays won 3-2. (AP Photo/Nam Y. Huh) (credit:AP)
(09 of43)
Open Image Modal
An image of Chicago Cubs pitcher Kerry Wood adorns the side of a building across the street from Wrigley Field, Thursday, Sept. 27, 2012 in Chicago. Even for a team with a record of futility unmatched in professional baseball and, heck, all of professional sports, this season has been one of the most dismal in Cubs history. About the only good thing that could be said about a team poised to lose 100 games for the first time in 46 years--one of which came after the shortstop trotted off the field thinking there were three outs instead of two--is that it is doing so in front of fewer fans than any year in the last decade. (AP Photo/M. Spencer Green) (credit:AP)
Tsuyoshi Nishioka(10 of43)
Open Image Modal
FILE - This March 7, 2012 file photo shows Minnesota Twins shortstop Tsuyoshi Nishioka, of Japan, in the dugout during a spring training baseball game against the Baltimore Orioles, in Sarasota, Fla. The Twins have released Nishioka, ending their experiment with the Japanese middle infielder after two rough years. The Twins said Friday, Sept. 28, 2012, that the move came at Nishioka's request. (AP Photo/David Goldman, File) (credit:AP)
Josh Harrison, Yadier Molina(11 of43)
Open Image Modal
Pittsburgh Pirates' Josh Harrison (5) looks to St. Louis Cardinals catcher Yadier Molina after he collided with him on a play at the plate in the second inning of the baseball game on Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012, in Pittsburgh. Harrison was out, but Molina had to leave the game. (AP Photo/Keith Srakocic) (credit:AP)
Josh Harrison, Yadier Molina(12 of43)
Open Image Modal
Pittsburgh Pirates' Josh Harrison, left, walks back to the dugout as a team trainer checks on St. Louis Cardinals catcher Yadier Molina after he collided with Harrison on a play at the plate in the second inning of the baseball game on Tuesday, Aug. 28, 2012, in Pittsburgh. Harrison was out, but Molina had to leave the game. (AP Photo/Keith Srakocic) (credit:AP)
Alex Rodriguez(13 of43)
Open Image Modal
New York Yankees' Alex Rodriguez rolls on the ground after being hit by a pitch in the eighth inning of a baseball game against the Seattle Mariners, Tuesday, July 24, 2012, in Seattle. (AP Photo/Kevin P. Casey) (credit:AP)
Alex Rodriguez(14 of43)
Open Image Modal
New York Yankees'manager Joe Girardi, left, points as, Alex Rodriguez, middle, leaves the game after being hit by a pitch in the eighth inning of a baseball game against the Seattle Mariners, Tuesday, July 24, 2012, in Seattle. (AP Photo/Kevin P. Casey) (credit:AP)
Ichiro Suzuki(15 of43)
Open Image Modal
New York Yankees' Ichiro Suzuki doffs his batting helmet and bows to fans as he steps up to bat against the Seattle Mariners in the third inning of a baseball game Monday, July 23, 2012, in Seattle. The Mariners announced earlier in the day that Suzuki, who has played with the Mariners since 2001, was traded to the Yankees. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson) (credit:AP)
(16 of43)
Open Image Modal
A young fan holds up a sign marking the departure of Ichiro Suzuki to the New York Yankees earlier in the day from the Seattle Mariners after a baseball game Monday, July 23, 2012, in Seattle. The Yankees won 4-1. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson) (credit:AP)
(17 of43)
Open Image Modal
A military aircraft flies over Kauffman Stadium during the national anthem before the MLB All-Star baseball game, Tuesday, July 10, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall) (credit:AP)
Melky Cabrera(18 of43)
Open Image Modal
National League's Melky Cabrera, of the San Francisco Giants, shows off his MVP trophy after the MLB All-Star baseball game Tuesday, July 10, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo. The National League defeated the American League 8-0. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) (credit:AP)
Melky Cabrera(19 of43)
Open Image Modal
National League's Melky Cabrera of the San Francisco Giants shows off his MVP trophy after the MLB All-Star baseball game against the American League All-Stars Tuesday, July 10, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo. National League won 8-0. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall) (credit:AP)
Pablo Sandoval(20 of43)
Open Image Modal
National League's Pablo Sandoval, of the San Francisco Giants, right, celebrates with teammates after their 8-0 win over the American League in the MLB All-Star baseball game, Tuesday, July 10, 2012, in Kansas City, Mo. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall) (credit:AP)
Ted Barrett, Matt Cain(21 of43)
Open Image Modal
Home plate umpire Ted Barrett waits as San Francisco Giants pitcher Matt Cain warms up before the ninth inning of a baseball game against the Houston Astros in San Francisco, Wednesday, June 13, 2012. Barrett was behind the plate Wednesday night when San Francisco Giants' right-hander Matt Cain pitched a perfect game against the Houston Astros in a 10-0 victory. He also was the home plate umpire when David Cone threw his perfect game for the New York Yankees in a 6-0 win over the Montreal Expos on July 18, 1999. It makes Barrett the first major league umpire to call balls and strikes for two perfect games. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu) (credit:AP)
Matt Cain(22 of43)
Open Image Modal
A scoreboard recognizing a perfect game thrown by San Francisco Giants pitcher Matt Cain against the Houston Astros is displayed in San Francisco, Wednesday, June 13, 2012. Cain pitched the 22nd perfect game in major league history and first for the Giants, striking out a career-high 14 and getting help from two spectacular catches to beat the Houston Astros 10-0. (AP Photo/Jeff Chiu) (credit:AP)
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim v Colorado Rockies(23 of43)
Open Image Modal
DENVER, CO - JUNE 09: Albert Pujols #5 of the Los Angeles Angels celebrates his two run home run against the Colorado Rockies to give the Angels a 10-3 lead in the sixth inning during Interleague Play at Coors Field on June 9, 2012 in Denver, Colorado. The Angels defeated the Rockies 11-5. (Photo by Doug Pensinger/Getty Images) (credit:Getty)
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim v Colorado Rockies(24 of43)
Open Image Modal
DENVER, CO - JUNE 09: Albert Pujols #5 of the Los Angeles Angels watches his two run home run against the Colorado Rockies to give the Angels a 10-3 lead in the sixth inning during Interleague Play at Coors Field on June 9, 2012 in Denver, Colorado. The Angels defeated the Rockies 11-5. (Photo by Doug Pensinger/Getty Images) (credit:Getty)
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim v Colorado Rockies(25 of43)
Open Image Modal
DENVER, CO - JUNE 09: Albert Pujols #5 of the Los Angeles Angels celebrates his two run home run with Torii Hunter #48 of the Los Angeles Angels who scored on the play against the Colorado Rockies to give the Angels a 10-3 lead in the sixth inning during Interleague Play at Coors Field on June 9, 2012 in Denver, Colorado. (Photo by Doug Pensinger/Getty Images) (credit:Getty)
David Hernandez, Miguel Montero(26 of43)
Open Image Modal
(credit:AP)
Yovani Gallardo (27 of43)
Open Image Modal
Milwaukee Brewers' Yovani Gallardo is congratulated by teammates after scoring on a single by Norichika Aoki during the sixth inning of their baseball game against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Wednesday, May 30, 2012, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill) (credit:AP)
Carlos Gonzalez Esmil Rogers(28 of43)
Open Image Modal
Colorado Rockies pitcher Esmil Rogers, right, congratulates teammate Carlos Gonzalez after Gonzalez hit his third home run against the Houston Astros in the eighth inning of their baseball game on Wednesday, May 30, 2012 in Denver. Colorado beat Houston 13-5. (AP Photo/Joe Mahoney) (credit:AP)
Hisanori Takahashi(29 of43)
Open Image Modal
Los Angeles Angels relief pitcher Hisanori Takahashi, of Japan, throws to the New York Yankees during the sixth inning of a baseball game in Anaheim, Calif., Wednesday, May 30, 2012. (AP Photo/Chris Carlson) (credit:AP)
Raul Ibanez, Eric Chavez(30 of43)
Open Image Modal
New York Yankees' Raul Ibanez, right, celebrates with Eric Chavez after scoring on a sacrifice fly by Nick Swisher against the Los Angeles Angels during the sixth inning of a baseball game in Anaheim, Calif., Wednesday, May 30, 2012. (AP Photo/Chris Carlson) (credit:AP)
Chad Billingsley(31 of43)
Open Image Modal
(credit:AP)
Bud Norris(32 of43)
Open Image Modal
Houston Astros starting pitcher Bud Norris delivers during the first inning of a baseball game against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Saturday, May 26, 2012, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Bret Hartman) (credit:AP)
Brian Bogusevic, Jose Altuve(33 of43)
Open Image Modal
Houston Astros' Brian Bogusevic, right, celebrates scoring a run with Jose Altuve off a bases-loaded walk by Los Angeles Dodgers starting pitcher Chad Billingsley during the second inning of a baseball game, Saturday, May 26, 2012, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Bret Hartman) (credit:AP)
Jose Altuve(34 of43)
Open Image Modal
Houston Astros' Jose Altuve slides safely into second after hitting a double off of Los Angeles Dodgers starting pitcher Chad Billingsley during the first inning of a baseball game, Saturday, May 26, 2012, in Los Angeles. (AP Photo/Bret Hartman) (credit:AP)
Starlin Castro, Kevin Correia(35 of43)
Open Image Modal
Chicago Cubs' Starlin Castro (13) leaps back to third base with a triple as the relay throw gets away from Pittsburgh Pirates pitcher Kevin Correia, rear, in the fifth inning of a baseball game in Pittsburgh, Saturday, May 26, 2012. The Pirates won 3-2. (AP Photo/Gene J. Puskar) (credit:AP)
Joey Votto(36 of43)
Open Image Modal
Cincinnati Reds first baseman Joey Votto throws to first base getting out Colorado Rockies' Tyler Colvin ending the baseball game, Saturday, May 26, 2012, in Cincinnati. The Reds won 10-3. (AP Photo/David Kohl) (credit:AP)
Jordan Pacheco, Brandon Phillips(37 of43)
Open Image Modal
Colorado Rockies' Jordan Pacheco (22) is forced out at second base as Cincinnati Reds second baseman Brandon Phillips (4) throws to first base, completing a double play on Wil Nieves in the eighth inning of a baseball game, Saturday, May 26, 2012, in Cincinnati. The Reds won 10-3. (AP Photo/David Kohl) (credit:AP)
Kendrys Morales(38 of43)
Open Image Modal
Los Angeles Angels' Kendrys Morales hits a home run against the Seattle Mariners in the fourth inning of a baseball game on Sunday, May 27, 2012, in Seattle. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson) (credit:AP)
Kendrys Morales, Kyle Seager(39 of43)
Open Image Modal
Seattle Mariners third baseman Kyle Seager, left, waits for the ball as Los Angeles Angels' Kendrys Morales slides safely into third base in the ninth inning of a baseball game, Sunday, May 27, 2012, in Seattle. The Angels won 4-2. (AP Photo/Elaine Thompson) (credit:AP)
Albert Pujols, Josh Donaldson(40 of43)
Open Image Modal
Los Angeles Angels' Albert Pujols, right, is tagged out by Oakland Athletics third baseman Josh Donaldson while trying to advance from first base on a single by Kendrys Morales during the sixth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, May 23, 2012, in Oakland, Calif. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez) (credit:AP)
Albert Pujols, Bill Miller(41 of43)
Open Image Modal
Los Angeles Angels' Albert Pujols, right, argues with third base umpire Bill Miller after being tagged out by Oakland Athletics third baseman Josh Donaldson while trying to advance from first base on a single by Kendrys Morales during the sixth inning of a baseball game Wednesday, May 23, 2012, in Oakland, Calif. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez) (credit:AP)
Carlos Gonzalez Chris Snyder(42 of43)
Open Image Modal
Colorado Rockies' Carlos Gonzalez hits a solo home run in front of Houston Astros catcher Chris Snyder in the fifth inning of a baseball game, Wednesday, May 30, 2012, in Denver. (AP Photo/Joe Mahoney) (credit:AP)
Chris Snyder, Carlos Gonzalez(43 of43)
Open Image Modal
Houston Astros catcher Chris Snyder, left, forces out Colorado Rockies' Carlos Gonzalez at home plate in the seventh inning of the Rockies' 7-6 victory in 10 innings in game two of a split doubleheader in Denver on Monday, May 28, 2012. Gonzalez was trying to score on a ground ball hit by Tyler Colvin. (AP Photo/David Zalubowski) (credit:AP)