Reforma Migratoria: el líder y el liderazgo

WASHINGTON, DC - El mes de agosto concluye y al aproximarse el retorno del Congreso la semana del 9 de septiembre persiste la gran interrogante: ¿qué harán el presidente de la Cámara Baja, John Boehner, y el resto del liderazgo republicano con la reforma migratoria?
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WASHINGTON, DC - El mes de agosto concluye y al aproximarse el retorno del Congreso la semana del 9 de septiembre persiste la gran interrogante: ¿qué harán el presidente de la Cámara Baja, John Boehner, y el resto del liderazgo republicano con la reforma migratoria?

De entrada se sabe que la preocupación inmediata será la batalla presupuestaria y la amenaza de un potencial cierre gubernamental, si no hay acuerdo en ese rubro. En septiembre sólo habrá nueve días legislativos y el 30 de ese mes culmina el año fiscal, así que es de anticiparse que el tiempo sea consumido en asuntos fiscales.

Luego están las divisiones internas republicanas manifestadas incluso entre los propias líderes, excepto en lo concerniente, entre otros puntos, a la coincidencia de no querer debatir el proyecto de reforma migratoria que el Senado aprobó el 27 de junio y que incluye una vía a la ciudadanía de 13 años de espera, y no querer una reforma integral sino por partes.

Pero, reforma con vía a la ciudadanía o sin vía a la ciudadanía, esa es la pregunta.
La semana pasada el presidente del Comité Judicial de la Cámara Baja, Bob Goodlatte, insistió en que no debe haber un camino especial hacia la ciudadanía para los indocumentados, incluyendo a los DREAMers, sino algún mecanismo de regularización sin ciudadanía.

Esto lo enfrenta a su colega de Virginia, Eric Cantor, líder de la mayoría republicana y segundo en mando, quien antes del receso dijo que impulsaría un proyecto para conceder una vía a la ciudadanía para los DREAMers, aunque del resto de los millones de indocumentados no dijo nada.

El tercero en mando en el liderazgo cameral, Kevin McCarthy , encargado de cazar y contabilizar votos y torcer brazos para aprobar medidas, no ha manifestado claramente su postura migratoria con la excepción de lo usual: primero es la seguridad en la frontera, la Cámara Baja no debatirá el plan del Senado y la reforma se hará por partes.

Boehner, el mero mero, afirmó, tras la aplastante derrota electoral republicana de noviembre de 2012, que había que abordar la reforma para sacar el tema de la mesa, algo en lo que coinciden muchos estrategas republicanos.

Mientras más retrasen los republicanos el asunto, más probabilidades hay de que el discurso antiinmigrante de algunas figuras republicanas siga siendo el centro de atención y siga definiendo al Partido Republicano entre los votantes latinos. El mejor ejemplo es Steve King, el congresista republicano de Iowa quien con su largo historial de insultos hacia la comunidad inmigrante sigue acaparando atención y titulares.

El presidente cameral dice que aplicará la Regla Hastert, más doctrina que regla, de sólo llevar al pleno medidas que tengan el apoyo de una mayoría de la mayoría republicana.

Boehner representa al distrito 8 de Ohio. Podría ser un típico congresista de un distrito republicano seguro con escasa población hispana que trata de ignorar el tema de la reforma migratoria pensando erradamente que no le afecta.

Pero Boehner no puede darse ese lujo. Él preside la Cámara de Representantes y sus acciones o inacciones en materia migratoria no sólo impactarán a toda la comunidad inmigrante del país, sino que incidirán sobre el futuro político del Partido Republicano y su difícil relación con los votantes hispanos.

En el caso de Boehner -y en otros casos-, no puede necesariamente aplicarse el concepto de que "toda política es local".

Quiéranlo o no, el cambio demográfico que ha redefinido el rostro del país ya no puede ignorarse y los que apoyan la reforma no son únicamente los propios inmigrantes y sus tradicionales aliados. Hay nuevos y no tan tradicionales aliados, y votantes de diversa ideología y trasfondo, algunos que pueden poner fin a la mayoría republicana en 2014 con su voto en distritos a través del país, o que en las elecciones de 2016 y en las que vienen, pueden con su voto seguir frenando las aspiraciones republicanas de recuperar la Casa Blanca.

Y aunque Boehner tiene su escaño seguro, sí se preocupa por mantener la mayoría republicana en la Cámara de Representantes, y por lograr que un republicano ocupe la presidencia. La decisión que tome sobre la reforma migratoria puede incidir en estos dos puntos.

El efecto económico de la reforma migratoria en el país y en su natal Ohio también deberían moverle el tapete a Boehner. Se calcula que en ese estado residen 100 mil indocumentados y según un reciente análisis del Center for American Progress, la legalización y eventual ciudadanía de estos inmigrantes supone que aumenten su productividad y sus ingresos, beneficiando, por ende, las economías local, estatal y nacional. Ohio, por ejemplo, vería en una década un alza de 414 millones de dólares en impuestos pagados por estos inmigrantes, así como la creación de 1,100 puestos de trabajo anualmente.

"Boehner tiene que demostrar liderazgo y apoyar una reforma con una vía a la ciudadanía que no sólo será buena para Ohio sino para el país", afirmó Isabel Framer, residente y votante de Ohio, de origen ecuatoriano, quien en su labor de intérprete en el sistema judicial ha visto de primera mano la devastación de la separación familiar por las deportaciones. Isabel ha sido intérprete en casos donde los niños de padres deportados pasan a la custodia del estado y son dados en adopción.

¿Qué hará Boehner? ¿Será dominado por quienes no quieren hacer nada, por quienes sólo proponen medias tintas de legalización sin ciudadanía, a la Goodlatte, por quienes no ven más allá de las líneas limítrofes de sus distritos electorales?

¿Dejará pasar la oportunidad de hacer historia como el líder republicano que contribuyó a concretar la primera reforma migratoria en casi 30 años y con ello mejoró la competitividad electoral republicana entre los votantes latinos?

¿Ejercerá liderazgo el líder, o lo harán otros por él?

La lucha por la reforma migratoria
(01 of19)
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Immigration reform supporters march in the downtown area Wednesday, April 10, 2013, in San Francisco. Tens of thousands of immigrants and activists rallied nationwide Wednesday in a coordinated set of protests aimed at pressing Congress to approve immigration measures that would grant 11 million immigrants living in the U.S. illegally a path toward citizenship. (AP Photo/Ben Margot) (credit:AP)
(02 of19)
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Protesters for immigration reform march near the Georgia Capitol Wednesday, April 10, 2013, in Atlanta. More than 1,000 people rallied at the Georgia Capitol and marched through downtown Atlanta to express support for comprehensive immigration reform and to call for an end to deportations. (AP Photo/John Bazemore) (credit:AP)
(03 of19)
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Protesters for immigration reform march near the Georgia Capitol Wednesday, April 10, 2013, in Atlanta. More than 1,000 people rallied at the Georgia Capitol and marched through downtown Atlanta to express support for comprehensive immigration reform and to call for an end to deportations. (AP Photo/John Bazemore) (credit:AP)
(04 of19)
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Demonstrators cheers as they parade down Broadway during a May Day march in New York, Wednesday, May 1, 2013. Activists in New York City converged on Union Square before a march downtown towards City Hall as they protested for better working conditions, immigration reform and other social issues. (AP Photo/John Minchillo) (credit:AP)
(05 of19)
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FILE - In this April 10, 2013, file photo. a protester for immigration reform holds a sign in during a rally at the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta. Absent a magic potion or explosive economic growth, it was all but inevitable President Barack Obama would have to break some of his campaign promises to keep others, distinguished both by their ambition and incompatibility. There's nearly unanimous, bipartisan agreement that the nation's immigration laws need fixing more than a quarter-century after the last major overhaul. Some 11 million immigrants live illegally in the U.S., most with no prospect of ever legalizing their status under current law _ unless they return to their home countries for 10 years first. (AP Photo/John Bazemore, File) (credit:AP)
(06 of19)
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Rosa Calderon, of Huntsville, give a satirical puppet of Jeff Sessions a George Wallace award during an immigration reform protest directed at Alabama Senator Jeff Sessions in front of his office in downtown Huntsville, Ala. Monday, May 20, 2013. (AP Photo/The Huntsville Times, Eric Schultz) (credit:AP)
(07 of19)
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Protesters gather on the front steps of the office building where Senator Jeff Sessions has an office during an immigration reform protest directed at Alabama Senator Jeff Sessions' office in downtown Huntsville, Ala. Monday, May 20, 2013. (AP Photo/The Huntsville Times, Eric Schultz) (credit:AP)
(08 of19)
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Protesters march on Wednesday, May 1, 2013, in downtown Phoenix during a May Day rally to show support for national immigration reform. (AP Photo/Matt York) (credit:AP)
(09 of19)
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Protesters march on Wednesday, May 1, 2013, in downtown Phoenix during a May Day rally to show support for national immigration reform. (AP Photo/Matt York) (credit:AP)
Immigration Marchers(10 of19)
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A marcher carries a Mexico flag as protesters brave the cold and snow as they march from the Capitol to a park in Denver on Wednesday, May 1, 2013. About 200 people gathered at the Capitol for immigration reform. The May Day rallies carry a special sense of urgency this year, two weeks after a bipartisan group of senators introduced a bill that would bring many of the estimated 11 million living in the U.S. illegally out of the shadows. Colorado's rally comes just after the governor signed a bill allowing students in the country illegally to pay in-state tuition at state colleges and universities, ending a 10-year political battle.(AP Photo/Ed Andrieski) (credit:AP)
(11 of19)
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An immigration reform supporter flies the American flag during a march Wednesday, April 10, 2013, in San Francisco. Tens of thousands of immigrants and activists rallied nationwide Wednesday in a coordinated set of protests aimed at pressing Congress to approve immigration measures that would grant 11 million immigrants living in the U.S. illegally a path toward citizenship. (AP Photo/Ben Margot) (credit:AP)
(12 of19)
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Immigration reform supporters rally outside U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein's office Wednesday, April 10, 2013, in San Francisco. Tens of thousands of immigrants and activists rallied nationwide Wednesday in a coordinated set of protests aimed at pressing Congress to approve immigration measures that would grant 11 million immigrants living in the U.S. illegally a path toward citizenship. (AP Photo/Ben Margot) (credit:AP)
(13 of19)
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Immigration reform supporters rally outside Sen. Dianne Feinstein's office Wednesday, April 10, 2013, in San Francisco. Tens of thousands of immigrants and activists rallied nationwide Wednesday in a coordinated set of protests aimed at pressing Congress to approve immigration measures that would grant 11 million immigrants living here illegally a path toward citizenship. (AP Photo/Ben Margot) (credit:AP)
(14 of19)
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A protester for immigration reform holds a sign at the Georgia Capitol Wednesday, April 10, 2013, in Atlanta. More than 1,000 people rallied at the Georgia Capitol and marched through downtown Atlanta to express support for comprehensive immigration reform and to call for an end to deportations. (AP Photo/John Bazemore) (credit:AP)
(15 of19)
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Immigration protesters march near the georgia Capitol Wednesday, April 10, 2013, in Atlanta. More than 1,000 people rallied at the Georgia Capitol and marched through downtown Atlanta to express support for comprehensive immigration reform and to call for an end to deportations. (AP Photo/John Bazemore) (credit:AP)
(16 of19)
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People look out at the Statue Of Liberty while they hold signs Saturday, April 6, 2013, as members of New Jersey's congressional delegation as well as labor unions, religious leaders, immigrants and immigration advocates rally at Liberty State Park, in Jersey City, N.J. One of several demonstrations being held across the nation under the 'Time is Now' banner, the events are being held to urge Congress to pass immigration reform. They want to express their support for proposed changes in federal immigration laws that would put an estimated 11 million immigrants living in the country illegally on a path to citizenship. (AP Photo/Mel Evans) (credit:AP)
(17 of19)
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People gather as members of New Jersey's congressional delegation as well as labor unions, religious leaders, immigrants and immigration advocates rally in Liberty State Park on Saturday, April 6, 2013, in Jersey City, N.J. One of several demonstrations being held across the nation under the 'Time is Now' banner, the events are being held to urge Congress to pass immigration reform. They want to express their support for proposed changes in federal immigration laws that would put an estimated 11 million immigrants living in the country illegally on a path to citizenship. (AP Photo/Mel Evans) (credit:AP)
(18 of19)
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Immigration activists hold signs as they protest in front of Freedom Tower in downtown Miami, Monday, Jan. 28, 2013. The Florida Immigrant Coalition, together with other immigrant families and community organizations, have initiated the "Di Que Si!" campaign, which translates into English "Say yes!," demanding immigration reform that creates a system that keeps families united. Activists and immigrants also asked for the suspension of deportations as lawmakers work on immigration reform, and announced they will join a national mobilization in favor of immigration reform in Washington D.C. on April 10. (AP Photo/Alan Diaz) (credit:AP)
Joe Garcia(19 of19)
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Rep. Joe Garcia, D-Fla, states his support for immigrants and pledges to work in favor of immigration reform to reporters as immigration reform activists protest in front of Freedom Tower in downtown Miami, Monday, Jan. 28, 2013. The Florida Immigrant Coalition, together with other immigrant families and community organizations, have initiated the "Di Que Si!" campaign, which translates into English "Say yes!," demanding immigration reform that creates a system that keeps families united. Activists and immigrants also asked for the suspension of deportations as lawmakers work on immigration reform, and announced they will join a national mobilization in favor of immigration reform in Washington D.C. on April 10. (AP Photo/Alan Diaz) (credit:AP)

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